敲击式操作区分卷尾猴与赤猴的物体玩耍行为
Percussive manipulations distinguish object play in capuchin and patas monkeys
研究用标准化物体玩耍协议测试了以工具使用著称的卷尾猴和未见工具使用报道的赤猴，在动物园进行15次测试。所有卷尾猴都会敲砸物体，赤猴仅两只如此，与卷尾猴的敲击式觅食习性一致。两物种在行为变异性、物体组合、操作时间等方面无显著差异，组合率均较低；因每类仅一个物种且样本量小，尚不能确定组合性物体玩耍与灵长类工具使用的关联。
Object play has been proposed as a developmental precursor of flexible tool use. We applied a standardized object play protocol, previously used with corvids and parrots, to tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella), a member of a genus known for tool use, and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas), for which tool use has not been reported. Both groups were tested in a zoo across 15 sessions with a standardized set of objects and activity plates. All capuchins smashed objects, whereas only two patas monkeys did so, a difference consistent with the per-cussive foraging of capuchins. The species did not differ significantly in behavioral variability, object combinations, manipulation time, number of body parts used, or tail use, and combination rates were low in both. The species thus differed in a specific form of manipulation rather than in overall or combinatory object play. With one species per category and small samples, these results cannot establish whether combinatory object play is associated with tool use in primates.
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来源：bioRxiv · Animal Behavior and Cognition · biorxiv.org