文化演化塑造了人类独特的敏感厌恶回避

arXiv:2008.13211v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Disgust is an emotion that serves to avoid contaminants, and is central to the behavioural immune system. While disgust-motivated avoidance occurs in bonobos and chimpanzees, humans show uniquely high levels of contamination sensitivity. There is some disagreement over to what extent human disgust avoidance is a genetic adaptation or shaped through social transmission, and whether parental modelling plays a role in the latter. Here, we address this debate by simulating 100,000 years of cultural and biological evolution in various scenarios. We modelled disgust as a trait that governed the extent to which individuals forewent potentially contaminated nutrition. This lowered their risk of gastrointestinal illness, at the cost of increasing starvation risk and birth-interval. As environmental levels and costs of contamination rose, so did relative fitness of high disgust-avoidant individuals. Evolutionary shifts in disgust as polygenic trait occurred as a consequence of germ-cell mutations, but were most prominent in populations with high initial genetic variance. Crucially, cultural transmission between generations operated at a higher rate, even if parental modelling was eliminated. These results underscore the plausibility of cultural evolution's role in shaping human's uniquely sensitive disgust avoidance, and serves as an illustration of emerging theories that paint affective and cognitive mechanisms as socially transmitted rather than genetic adaptations.

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